Rantoul is a city in Franklin County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 165. The first post office in Ra…Rantoul is a city in Franklin County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 165. The first post office in Rantoul was established in 1862. It was named for Senator Robert Rantoul Jr., of Massachusetts.