Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

When working with TCP/IP, the model is simplified to four layers plus the physical layer as shown in Figure 2-4. This figure depicts the encapsulation process with protocol overhead down to Ethernet, ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

For more than 20 years we have been using Layer 3 connectivity powered by dynamic routing protocols to route traffic between data centers, but adoption of virtualization and geo-clustering ...

Confused about Ethernet and the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) stack and/or suite of protocols? That’s not surprising. “This is not an easy subject to talk about. There are ...

Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...

Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

Karlsfeld February 3, 2004 - MorethanIP announces new 10/100/1000 Ethernet MAC-NET Core. At high network speeds, or when CPU resources are limited, the processing load caused by network layers to ...