If the straight line moves in its own direction, it describes only a straight line; if the area moves in its own plane ... we shall get the idea of a four-dimensional solid, which may be called ...

The question remained open until 2019 when Prywes provided a four-dimensional counter ... mapping from the entire complex plane are a two-dimensional sphere and a two-dimensional torus.

it is shown that a phase-only hologram placed in the pupil plane of an objective and illuminated by a spatially chirped ultrashort pulse can be used to generate three-dimensional arrays of spatio ...