Figure 2: Biofilm structure analysis (A) ~5 cm thick biofilm sample with distinct color layers. (B) Light microscopy image showing pearl-like mineral grains aligned vertically within the biofilm.

The protective effect of biofilms on their inhabitants is still being studied, but it probably involves several factors. For one, their dense structure serves as a physical barrier, making it hard ...

The thermal spring environment hosts 3–5 cm thick red and green layered biofilms, which are carbonate-rich microbial mats. These biofilms can thrive under extreme conditions, including low ...