In the same way that the genetic code enables information to transcend chemistry, so Mitchell's proton gradients enable cellular metabolism to transcend chemistry. The use of proton gradients ...

we tried to create a hydrogel that had a gradient like you might see in the developing body that could guide stem cells to differentiate certain ways or form certain structures.” Hydrogels are a ...

Cells can also send out packages called exosomes, lipid vesicles that bubble off from the cell membrane. But for about 20 ...

The idea of concentrations and the gradients within them is important when understanding the movement of particles or molecules across cell membranes. A solution with a low solute concentration ...

Thus, gene expression is vital to the effectiveness of the gradient in specifying different cell fates. The presence of a Dpp gradient in fruit fly wings has been demonstrated in living flies ...

A study conducted by researchers from the University of São Paulo sheds light on new discoveries about the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation in ATP production. Recent findings highlight the ...