For example, the results of tossing a fair coin meet these criteria. Chi-square tests are often used ... select among the offered classes using the formula given above and a χ 2 statistical ...

The "Test Percent" column lists the hypothesized percentages for the chi-square test. Always check that you have ordered the TESTP= percentages to correctly match the order of the variable levels.

The chi-square value is calculated using the following formula: Using this formula, the difference between the observed and expected frequencies is calculated for each experimental outcome category.

output out=chisqdat pchi lrchi n nmiss; title 'Chi-Square Tests for 3 by 5 Table of Eye and Hair Color'; run; proc print data=chisqdat noobs; title 'Chi-Square Statistics for Eye and Hair Color'; ...