A statistical test that allows one to determine whether observed quantities of a specific characteristic differed from the expected value purely by chance.

A bivariate change of variable is proposed that elucidates the major distributional identities involving the two beta distributions and the chi-squared distribution. These identities are then seen to ...

The authors demonstrated the empirical relationship between Cohen's chi-square effect size, w, and differential item functioning (DIF), defined as group differences in item response theory (IRT) item ...