That’s my kludge you see in the photo above. Carbon film resistor internals, By Shaddack [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Carbon film resistors are made by depositing a layer of pure carbon ...

Perhaps it’s a side-effect of getting older, but it seems like reading the color bands on blue metal-film resistors is harder than it was on the old brown carbon ... value of a resistor by ...