The first is the direct sample and hold circuit. When the sample and hold oscillator is high, and the switch is closed, the VCO tracks the pitch oscillator, and when the S&H oscillator goes low ...

The reference voltage for the bandpass filter (and all other filters on silicon) is generated by an autotuner circuit. The autotuner is realized as a PLL coupled to the crystal-oscillator frequency, ...

The demand for analog and mixed-signal-based integrated circuits (ICs) has surged due to the increasing ... This mismatch affects the control voltage of the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), ...