Unlike traditional microscopes that use light or lenses, DNA microscopy creates images by calculating interactions among molecules, providing a new way to visualize genetic material in 3D.

This base-to-base bonding is not random; rather, each A in one strand ... the DNA that makes up the cell's chromosomes can be tightly compacted into a structure that is visible under a microscope ...

the intervening sequences in the DNA strand appear as loops, i.e., the corresponding segments lack counterparts in the RNA. The hybrid could be directly visualized in the electron microscope. RealTime ...

Using high-powered cryo-electron microscopes, Li ... that forces the leading strand polymerase to let go of the new DNA strand so it can be recognized by the clamp loader. This distinction ...

chromosomes replicate—each DNA strand unzips into two strands while free-floating bases attach to the unzipped strands. The chromosomes are loosely packed and not visible with a microscope.

Beckwith and colleagues used a method to gently remove one strand of DNA in cells at various stages ... takes in interphase and mitosis under the microscope." ...