The colors of rubies and emeralds are so striking that they define shades of red and green—ruby red and emerald green ... and ...

In 1912, scientists invented X-ray crystallography and revealed a crystal’s atomic structure for the first time Tess Joosse Humans have marveled at crystals for millennia. Viridescent emerald ...

Advertisement Both rubies and emeralds are minerals, which is a type of rock with a consistent chemical composition and a highly ordered structure at the atomic ... a ruby or emerald forms ...