Other fruit trees, however, are not so benign. Introduced by well-intended importers, non-native fruit trees can be invasive, ...

European settlers brought buckthorn to North America some time ... Birds eat the tree’s fruit, which has a laxative effect, causing widespread distribution of the seeds. According to the Morton ...

European buckthorn, an invasive plant that is spreading ... Although birds do eat buckthorn berries, the fruit acts as a diuretic and they get little nutrition from it, Custic said.

The plant releases the chemical compound emodin, which is produced in the leaves, fruit, bark and roots ... sites that are heavily infested with European buckthorn." The Chicago Wilderness 2004 ...

Information from the Minnesota DNR website says it is illegal to import, sell, or transport common or European buckthorn (Rhamnus ... a small purplish-black berry fruit that gets eaten by birds.

Dr Sacerdote-Velat explained that her study into the impact of European buckthorn on amphibian diversity and populations formed the basis of her PhD dissertation. "When I started doing a ...

Minnesota’s Department of Natural Resources lists common (European) buckthorn and glossy buckthorn as the non-native, invasive buckthorn species found in Minnesota. Both species can grow as ...