C oncerns about the long-term effects of heading in soccer are becoming harder for the sport’s governing bodies to ignore. As ...

Soccer players, who often hit the ball with their heads, showed abnormal changes to the white matter in the brain next to sulci. Sulci are deep grooves in the brain’s surface.

Background There is limited research quantifying the response of biochemical markers for axonal injury to an acute bout of soccer heading, especially when individual impact biomechanics are considered ...