As for supporting ingredients, Dr. Reszko recommends looking for humectants like hyaluronic acid and glycerin to help support ...

Mandelic acid has a larger molecule size than other popular alpha hydroxy acids. The larger molecular size means it doesn't penetrate as deeply into your skin when you apply it. That makes it ...

Studies have shown that salicylic acid is less irritating than skin care products containing alpha-hydroxy acids, but has similar results in improving skin texture and color. Skin care products ...

Where ribose has a hydroxyl (OH) group attached to ... If you imagine a strand of nucleic acid as a train, phosphate groups are like the couplings that hold all of the train cars together.

Hydroxyl groups are hydrophilic and dissolve in water, whilst fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and dissolve in oil, forming a stable emulsion. This results in E471 being a very effective emulsifier.

Vitamin C molecules can react to form dehydroascorbic acid by losing two hydrogen atoms from the hydroxyl groups attached to the ring part of the molecule, forming two additional ketone (carbonyl ...