Many intravenous medications ... and internal jugular percutaneous catheters, and because there is no risk of pneumothorax with the PICC insertion procedure. The documented infection rate for ...

Intraosseous catheterization may be used to administer fluids or medications to small mammals, particularly when intravenous ... The placement of an i.o. catheter can be painful and is not ...

A study published in the Journal of Small Animal Practice has concluded that there is no difference between vapocoolant spray or eutectic ...