Internal tibial torsion is caused by an inward twisting of the lower legbone, or the tibia. It is initially not noticeable but often becomes apparent at about the same time as a child’s first steps.

Intoeing present by age 2 may be caused by a twisting of the tibia, or shinbone, called internal tibial torsion. A child age 3 or older may experience a turning-in of the femur, or thighbone ...

The internal tibial torsion (normal bi-malleolar axis: 20 to 25 degrees external) contributes to the internal foot progression, bilaterally. In studying Video 4, one can appreciate that it is not ...

Internal tibial torsion, commonly known as “toe-in”, affects many children under the age of two, and usually corrects itself when a child learns to walk. Jillian Stapf’s case however, proved a bit ...

I therefore recommend always checking for tibial torsion defects on examination, in addition to the comparison between right-side and left-side internal rotation in supine and in prone positions ...