Scientists have now published a study explaining the theory behind the ionization ... how external light rays affect the energy levels of the hydrogen atoms trapped inside the fullerenes.

X-ray free-electron lasers provide unique opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamics and for imaging the structures of complex systems. Understanding the response of individual atoms to ...

Ionization of atoms by strong laser fields plays an important ... namely a very pronounced peak at low energies in the photoelectron kinetic energy distribution, that contained as many as 50% ...

This process is called ionization, and an ionized atom ... 235 or plutonium-239 with neutrons, and as the atoms split, they produce energy and more neutrons, which can then split other atoms ...

Scientists at Southwest Research Institute have uncovered how solar activity influences the velocity distribution and ...

One explanation is small contributions from non-resonant ionization by single photons of twice the energy (red curve in Fig. 1), which account for about 1% of the FLASH photon flux. "These results ...

These steps include deposition, photoresist, lithography, etch, ionization and packaging ... with lattice atoms causing the ejection of some atoms from the lattice site. With this process, sufficient ...