Initially formed from molten rock, the crust cools and hardens, leading to the creation of mountains, valleys, and oceans. Erosion, driven by water, wind, and ice, gradually wears down the land ...

The eruption restarted at midday when molten rock began pouring out of a vent in Kilauea’s summit caldera, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said in a statement. The lava was contained within the ...