At posterior end, below the neural arch, are pleurocentra. This element gave rise to the centrum in amniotes. At anterior end, below the notochord, is the intercentrum. Ichthyostegids (labyrinthodont ...

Conclusions—Isthmic spondylolysis is considered to represent a fatigue fracture of the pars interarticularis of the neural arch. There is a relatively high incidence of radiographically identified ...

In cricketers, these sites were on the left of the neural arch of 49 lumbar vertebrae and on the right of 33 vertebrae. In soccer players there was a significantly different proportion, with 17 sites ...