The main normal heart sounds are ... Location: The location of the heart sound can help determine the etiology. The standard listening posts (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid and mitral) apply to ...

These changes help to maintain normal left ... of the first heart sound may be reduced. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the preferred diagnostic modality for aortic regurgitation.

Diagnosing aortic stenosis usually begins with a physical exam. Your healthcare provider often detects a heart murmur, a ...

Aortic stenosis, affecting nine million people globally, is often unnoticed as symptoms are mistaken for aging. This heart ...

Finally the second heart sound ... forms of aortic valve disease: congenital abnormalities, such as a bicuspid valve that leads to premature calcification; calcification of the normal trileaflet ...

Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed ... blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg and his heart rate was 84 beats/min. Heart sounds were normal without murmurs and there were no ...