In the second week of December 1981, the Communist dictatorship ... He told me that one of the ways the Polish people have demonstrated their solidarity in the face of martial law is by placing ...

This book traces the historical and social origins, the international context and the unfolding of the struggle of the Polish working class in 1980-81. This book is available for purchase from ...

Solidarność means Solidarity, but for Poles it stands for so much more. At the height of its worldwide popularity – which came in the years 1981 to 1983 when stan wojenny (Martial Law) was introduced ...

In the 1980s, Poland was under the grip of martial law as the Communist government of General Wojciech Jaruzelski attempted to repress the independent Solidarity trade union. In Western Europe ...

The uprising in Egypt carried echoes of another protest movement 30 years earlier — Poland’s Solidarity movement, which helped pave the way for the fall of the Iron Curtain and resulted in the ...

challenged the oppressive rule of the Polish government. In December 1981, the Solidarity movement was outlawed and Walesa, together with the other leaders of the movement, was arrested and put in ...