While carrying out a 3-point-bend test, the convex side of the plate or sheet is subjected to tension, with the outer fibers under maximum strain and stress (Figure 1). Failure occurs if the ...

Patterns composed of two sets of slip joints are useful to the geologist as a record from which to interpret the state of stress or strain in the observed rock mass at the time of its failure. For ...

Engineers have long used stress-strain curves to uncover a host of material properties including elastic limit, elastic and plastic ranges, yield point, ultimate and rupture strengths, and the ...

The displacement and force measurements were directly determined and used to measure stress and strain. For each sample, the test was conducted a total of five times. The average values for elongation ...