[Kevin Darrah] wanted to make a simple 3.3V regulator without using an integrated circuit. He wound up using two common NPN transistors and 4 1K resistors. The circuit isn’t going to beat out a ...

For example, transistors and resistors replace the entire IC (Figure 1). The circuit handles only the clock signal or only the data signal. Two npn transistors, connected head-to-head, form the heart ...

Because the transistor needs a very specific set of DC voltages on its terminals and connecting an input or output to it is going to perturb that. However, we can isolate the circuit from any DC ...

Transistors are the fundamental building blocks behind today's electronic revolution, powering everything from smartphones to ...

As with many inventions, two people had the idea for an integrated circuit at almost the same time. Transistors had become commonplace in everything from radios to phones to computers, and now ...

By using op amps powered from a bipolar supply and ground-referencing the sensor signals, the op amp’s output will be at zero ...

Although this Design Idea describes a positive power supply, you can realize a similar negative-output-supply current-sense circuit using a dual NPN transistor in place of the dual PNP that the figure ...

Similar circuits can be constructed ... On average, a tube failed every two days and took 15 minutes to find and replace. Transistors (portmanteaux of “transmitter” and “resistor”) rely ...