Liberation rhetoric and continuous warfare went hand-in-hand for Sparta, as it had for Athens, with dire consequences. In the end, war is hell. But how we frame military service and then ...

The Peloponnesian War is the name given to the long series of conflicts between Athens and Sparta that lasted from 431 until 404 BC. The reasons for this war are sometimes traced back as far as ...

Something paradoxical happened at the height of hostilities between Athens and Sparta, which culminated in the devastating Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.). Some Athenians began to idolize rather ...

Even as Athens experienced a Golden Age, the conflict with Sparta largely brought about its political decline. The Peloponnesian War in which Athens fought Sparta began in 431 B.C. At the outset ...