Toby Walters is a financial writer, investor, and lifelong learner. He has a passion for analyzing economic and financial data and sharing it with others. Pete Rathburn is a copy editor and ...

I've become alarmed recently at the number of young engineers (i.e. those with less than 5 years of work experience), who seem to have missed the college course on applied probability and don't know ...

A major challenge in instrumental variable (IV) analysis is to find instruments that are valid, or have no direct effect on the outcome and are ignorable. Typically one is unsure whether all of the ...

In controlled group sequential trials, we consider the ratio of normal means as the effect measure of interest and derive group sequential nested confidence intervals on this parameter. In an interim ...