The main normal heart sounds are ... Location: The location of the heart sound can help determine the etiology. The standard listening posts (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid and mitral) apply to ...

These changes help to maintain normal left ... of the first heart sound may be reduced. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the preferred diagnostic modality for aortic regurgitation.

Diagnosing aortic stenosis usually begins with a physical exam. Your healthcare provider often detects a heart murmur, a ...

Aortic stenosis, affecting nine million people globally, is often unnoticed as symptoms are mistaken for aging. This heart condition, common in elderly, restricts blood flow due to valve narrowing, ...

While bicuspid aortic valves ... prompted the echocardiogram. Patients with bicuspid AV were predominantly male (69%), and 96% were >18 years of age. Associated congenital heart defects were ...

Finally the second heart sound ... forms of aortic valve disease: congenital abnormalities, such as a bicuspid valve that leads to premature calcification; calcification of the normal trileaflet ...