For a long time, almost all attention was on the motile cilia because their function was readily observable. But scientists, starting with Alexander Kowalevsky had reported the presence of single ...

Cilia drive fluid flow in development and physiology, but this requires that all cilia in a tissue orient the same way. Earlier studies indicated that both planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling ...

The cilia are antenna-like organelles that sense shifts in the extracellular environment and communicate these changes to the intracellular space. Although scientists first identified primary cilia in ...