In this review, we summarized the advancements regarding the theoretical description of osmotic pressure and the important roles of osmotic pressure in cell division, cell differentiation, as well as lipid phase separation.

Osmotic stress is a potent regulator of the normal function of cells that are exposed to osmotically active environments under physiologic or pathologic conditions. The ability of cells to alter gene expression and metabolic activity in response to ...

Here, we expand on this analysis by examining how evolutionary divergent cell types cope with the challenge of maintaining π osm within viable values. Complex organisms, like mammals, maintain constant internal π osm ≈ 0.285 osmol, matching that of 0.154 M NaCl.

Jan 8, 2025 · Osmotic Pressure and Crenation. Osmotic pressure arises from the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, driven by differences in solute concentration. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, where the external solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, water moves out of the cell to balance the solute levels.

Jan 9, 2025 · Many fungi can produce osmolytes, which are small organic molecules that help balance internal osmotic pressure. This allows them to thrive in hypo- or hyperosmotic conditions, ensuring their continued growth and reproduction. Certain fungi, like yeasts, exploit osmosis to regulate turgor pressure, facilitating cellular expansion and nutrient ...

Jul 11, 2022 · Detailed clues to how the different types of prokaryotes handle natural variations in external osmotic pressures are revealed by their cellular architecture.

Mar 14, 2024 · This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding, focusing on two central issues: (i) how to determine theoretically osmotic pressure and (ii) how osmotic pressure...

Hyperosmotic stress is linked to many maladies, including acute and chronic, as well as local and systemic, inflammatory disorders. Hyperosmolarity triggers cell shrinkage, oxidative stress, protein carbonylation, mitochondrial depolarization, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest, thus rendering cells susceptible to apoptosis.

Jan 1, 2018 · Controlling osmotic pressure can dictate cell volume and morphology, but can also facilitate the formation of cellular protrusions and enhance cell motility (Carton et al., 2003; Karlsson et al., 2013; Lagana et al., 2000; Lewis et al., 2002; Stroka et al., 2014).

Mar 13, 2023 · Osmotic pressure can be calculated using the Van 't Hoff equation, which states that osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute particles, temperature, and how well a solute particle can move across a membrane. Its measured osmolality can describe the osmotic pressure of a solution.