Status and Challenges for Vaccination against Avian H9N2 …
The H9N2 vaccine needs to be optimized to fit the current co-epidemic status of multiple antigenic groups. Importantly, the inactivated H9N2 vaccine mainly induces humoral immunity, which makes it difficult to interrupt virus infection and shedding in the chicken upper respiratory tract.
A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus - PMC
H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans through their high rates of zoonotic infection and pandemic potential.
Frontiers | Protective Efficacy of H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccines ...
Jul 10, 2022 · In our work, we evaluated experimental vaccines based on an H9N2 virus, inactivated by irradiation treatment, in reducing viral shedding upon different challenge doses and compared their efficacy with formalin-inactivated vaccines.
The time is now: a call to contain H9N2 avian influenza viruses
Sep 14, 2022 · Trivalent and tetravalent prophylactic vaccines are available for H9N2 avian influenza virus, together with vaccine strains for Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and infectious bronchitis, to simplify the immunisation procedure.
Efficacy of Live-Attenuated H9N2 Influenza Vaccine Candidates ...
The rTX-NS1-128 live vaccine induced enhanced mucosal immunity responses, suggesting that it could more effectively resist infection of H9N2 influenza virus. Cellular immunity in the mucosal site also plays an important role in early immune responses to …
Progress on Human Avian Flu Vaccine - National Institutes of …
Oct 6, 2006 · The result brings researchers one step closer to creating vaccines that can protect people from emerging avian flu viruses. In 1999, two children in Hong Kong became infected with H9N2, a strain of avian influenza that hadn’t previously been detected in humans.
H9N2 avian influenza viruses: challenges and the way forward
Nov 10, 2022 · Unexpectedly, the H9N2 vaccine could not provide effective protection for chickens against challenge with these H9N2 viruses (appendix pp 5–8), highlighting the urgent need for the analysis of H9N2 viruses.
Protective Efficacy of H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccines ... - PubMed
Jul 11, 2022 · In our work, we evaluated experimental vaccines based on an H9N2 virus, inactivated by irradiation treatment, in reducing viral shedding upon different challenge doses and compared their efficacy with formalin-inactivated vaccines.
H9N2 avian influenza virus in Korea: evolution and vaccination
Feb 1, 2013 · For the LPAI H9N2 vaccine, the VLP vaccine against Korean H9N2 LPAI is developed and evaluated in an specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken model . This H9 VLP contains the HA and M1 protein of the current Korean vaccine seed strain (A/chicken/Korea/01310/01).
Global antigenic landscape and vaccine recommendation strategy …
Given the temporal and spatial uncertainty in the antigenicity of H9N2 AIVs, the immune protection efficiency of vaccines remains challenging. By developing an antigenicity prediction method for H9N2 AIVs, named PREDAC-H9, the global antigenic landscape of …