For berthing structures in seaports, a tubular combined wall is an already proven, accepted and one of the most commonly used solutions all over the world. In the last few decades new developments have taken place to improve the capacity of tubular combined walls; increasing the steel strengths and improving the corrosion resistance.

Tubular combined walls are an innovative and robust structural system used primarily in deep foundation and retaining wall applications. This system combines the strength and versatility of steel pipes with the functionality of intermediate piles, typically double Z sections or U sections.

A tubular structural system is used in high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads like wind and seismic forces. These lateral load resisting systems let the building behave like a hollow cylindrical tube cantilevered perpendicular to the ground.

Technology for efficiently mass producing square and rectangular structural tubes has developed in the past few decades, generating research on member and connection behavior with sub sequent development of design criteria. There are several advantages associated with the tubular section as opposed to shapes with open profiles.

This paper presents an overview of the design methods of the self-standing steel tubular walls, along with the site conditions, surrounding environments and the details and reasons for their adoptions in the 3 projects where self-standing steel tubular walls with high stiffness were used.

Tubular King Pile Foundation is a combined foundation with great bending stiffness, which incorporates the following elements. 1. Steel Tubular Piles: Primary elements (High modulus main structural elements) Tubular piles resist lateral load when used as a retaining wall or barrier, and vertical loads when used as bearing piles. 2.

Tubular Design Guide 25: Fully welded—Simple planar connections / Peter W. Key, Arun A. Syam. ISBN 9781 921476 34 1 (pbk.). Series: Structural steel tubular connection series.

In structural engineering, the tube is a system where, to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, impact), a building is designed to act like a hollow cylinder, cantilevered perpendicular to the ground. This system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), in their Chicago office. [1] .

Tubular buildings are the new structural concept in the development in high-rise buildings. This system is more efficient and economic in the use of material over a wide range of building heights than others. Out of many types of tubular buildings, two main types are:

For structural engineers, tubular structures are most interesting for buildings with larger spans. For architects, other tendencies in the design of tubular structures of buildings are valid which have an influence on a much smaller scale, more intense, often …